Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41444469›Full record

ArticleNature cell biology2026

Two distinct chromatin modules regulate proinflammatory gene expression.

Isabelle Seufert, Irene Gerosa, Vassiliki Varamogianni-Mamatsi, Anastasiya Vladimirova, Ezgi Sen, Stefanie Mantz, Anne Rademacher, Sabrina Schumacher, Panagiotis Liakopoulos, Petros Kolovos and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature cell biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Isabelle SeufertDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Irene GerosaDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Vassiliki Varamogianni-MamatsiInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Anastasiya VladimirovaDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Ezgi SenDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0816-2076
Stefanie MantzDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7595-2693
Anne RademacherDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Sabrina SchumacherDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Panagiotis LiakopoulosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Petros KolovosDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-6158
Simon AndersCenter for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-1805
Jan-Philipp MallmCenter for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Argyris PapantonisInstitute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-1073
Karsten RippeDivision of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. karsten.rippe@dkfz.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-9395

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) DFG FOR2674 (Z01)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) INST186/1479-1 within SFB1565Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) INST 35/1314-1 FUGG and INST 35/1503-1 FUGGDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) PA2456/11-2 within SPP2202Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) RI 1283/17-1 within SPP2202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene activation and coregulation have been attributed to different mechanisms, such as enhancer-promoter interactions via chromatin looping or the accumulation of transcription factors into hubs or condensates. However, genome-wide studies exploring mechanistic differences in endogenous gene regulation in primary human cells are scarce. Here we dissect the proinflammatory gene expression programme induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in human endothelial cells using sequencing- and imaging-based methods. Our findings, enabled by the co-accessibility analysis of deep-coverage single-cell chromatin accessibility data with our RWireX software, identified two distinct regulatory chromatin modules: autonomous links of co-accessibility (ACs) between separated sites and domains of contiguous co-accessibility (DCs) with increased local transcription factor binding. The TNF-dependent induction timing and strength as well as changes in transcriptional bursting kinetics differed for genes in the AC and DC modules, pointing to functionally distinct regulatory mechanisms. These findings provide a framework for understanding how cells achieve rapid and precise control of gene expression.

Indexed as

ChromatinChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyGene Expression RegulationInflammationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaEndothelial CellsHumansHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsPromoter Regions, GeneticSingle-Cell AnalysisTranscription FactorsChromatinTranscription FactorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.