Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41444405›Full record

ArticleMolecular psychiatry2026

Endogenous opioid system modulates proximal and distal threat signals in the human brain.

Kerttu Seppälä, Vesa Putkinen, Harri Harju, Eleni Rebelos, Jussi Hirvonen, Semi Helin, Johan Rajander, Henry K Karlsson, Jani Saunavaara, Jukka Hyönä and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Kerttu Seppälä *Turku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. kaasep@utu.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-4059
Vesa Putkinen *Turku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Harri HarjuTurku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Eleni RebelosTurku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Jussi HirvonenDepartment of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Semi HelinTurku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Johan RajanderTurku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
Henry K KarlssonTurku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-7891
Jani SaunavaaraDepartment of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Jukka HyönäDepartment of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Lauri NummenmaaTurku PET Centre, and Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-9757

Funding

Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia) 294897Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia) 332225EC | EC Seventh Framework Programm | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7-IDEAS-ERC - Specific Programme: 'Ideas' Implementing the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration Activities (2007 to 2013)) 101141656Suomen Aivosäätiö (Finnish Brain Foundation) 20210063Wellcome Trust 220030Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö (Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation) 20217451
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fear promotes rapid detection of threats and appropriate fight-or-flight responses. The endogenous opioid system modulates responses to pain and psychological stressors. Fear and anxiety constitute major psychological stressors for humans, yet the contribution of the opioid system to acute human fear remains poorly characterized. We induced intense unconditioned fear in the subjects by gradually exposing them to a living constrictor snake (threat trials) versus an indoor plant (safety trials). Cerebral haemodynamic responses were recorded from 33 subjects during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition, 15 subjects underwent brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using [

Indexed as

BrainFearAdultAnalgesics, OpioidAnxietyBrain MappingFemaleFentanylHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePositron-Emission TomographyPupilReceptors, Opioid, muYoung AdultAnalgesics, OpioidcarfentanilFentanylReceptors, Opioid, mu

Identifiers

PMID41444405
PMCPMC13099428

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.