SynthesisThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2025
Leveraging human-robot interaction and virtual reality for digital biomarkers in diagnostics and rehabilitation: a review from the Age-It Research Program.
Synthesis in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Aging well in an aging society: Italy at the forefront of global aging and the Age-It Research Program.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Positive demography: changing the perspective on population aging from the Age-It Research Program.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesDigital biomarkers are indicators of physiological and behavioral processes, collected from digital devices that are useful for cognitive and physical assessment in older adults. This study focuses on identifying digital biomarkers emerging during robotic and virtual reality (VR)-based diagnostics and rehabilitation. It presents findings from a systematic review conducted within the activities of Spoke 9 (Advanced Gerontechnologies for Active and Healthy Ageing) of the Age-It Research Program.
methodsA literature review examined studies on digital biomarkers in relation to the technologies of interest, focusing on aging, up to March 25, 2025. Four hundred seventy-one English-written papers were retrieved; after screening, 19 studies were included. We summarized them considering the application domain, identifying the corresponding digital biomarkers, the target users, and the technology used.
resultsFor cognitive assessment, digital biomarkers are used to monitor patient behaviors during clinical tasks that use VR-based technologies and social robots. In VR-based cognitive rehabilitation scenarios, digital biomarkers are used to assess the performance of task accomplishment. In the physical activity monitoring domain, gait-related parameters are assessed by social robots, while thermal cameras are used for thermodynamic analyses. In the physical rehabilitation domain, digital biomarkers related to the upper-body motions are usually considered. DISCUSSION: Despite promising results, several improvements are needed. Robotic solutions offer versatility in terms of applications but have low readiness. Similarly, thermodynamic models require strict conditions for reliability. Virtual reality-based cognitive assessment lacks temporal data for better discrimination, and VR-based cognitive rehabilitation is limited by a lack of multimodal stimulation. Future research should address these limitations effectively.
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