Observational studyKidney3602026
Experience and Outcomes of a Dedicated Cardio-Nephrology Service: A Step toward Integrated Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Care.
Observational study in Kidney360, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic disorder-MASLD-cardiovascular disease-kidney disease (MMCK) syndrome: an expansion of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) framework.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive review of pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Review
- Multidisciplinary Approaches to Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Lessons from the Kidney-Heart Service.Kidney360 · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
key pointsPatients hospitalized with concomitant cardiac and kidney disease have high morbidity. Interdisciplinary care models may help improve outcomes. This descriptive single-center study shows the outcomes and feasibility of a cardio-nephrology service to care for patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
backgroundThe cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, estimated to affect up to 90% of US adults, is increasingly recognized as a disease spectrum that requires an interdisciplinary approach. The purpose of this descriptive study was to characterize the patients and the clinical outcomes of a specialized cardio-nephrology inpatient service. These data were compared with data from comparable patients before the service's launch.
methodsThis was a retrospective observational study of a specialized Kidney-Heart service that was launched at the University of Washington in 2020 to serve as the nephrology service for patients hospitalized with primary cardiac disease. Chart review was pursued to obtain patient demographics, reason for consult and hospital outcomes in the first 2.5 years of the service. We also obtained data from a historical cohort of patients with a cardiology diagnosis seen by the general nephrology consult service as a comparator. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize demographics, consult categories, and primary reasons for hospitalization in patients seen on the Kidney-Heart service versus the historical cohort.
resultsThe mean age for the patients seen on the Kidney-Heart service was 63 (SD 15) versus 60 (SD 15) years in the comparator cohort ( P < 0.001). For the Kidney-Heart service, AKI was the most common reason for consult (57.7%), followed by CKD G5D (30.9%), diuretic management (8.9%), and electrolyte abnormalities (7.8%). Patients seen by the Kidney-Heart service were most commonly hospitalized for decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock (46.9%). The use of mechanical circulatory support was common (22%), and 48.2% of those patients required dialysis. AKI dialysis (36.7 versus 42%, P = 0.05) and mortality rates (16.5% versus 25%, P < 0.01) were lower in the Kidney-Heart service cohort versus the comparator cohort, although mean lengths of stay were longer (14 versus 11 days, P < 0.001.) Follow-up in nephrology clinic within the University of Washington system was low for AKI patients at 1.7%.
conclusionsOur single-center experience demonstrates a model by which a specialized cardio-nephrology service can be implemented and provide care for complex patients. Further implementation clinical trials are needed to determine whether integrated care models can improve cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome outcomes.
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