Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41442105›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2026

Testing the Feasibility of a Self-Help Intervention That Includes Lymphatic Drainage to Reduce Fatigue-Related Symptoms Among Patients with Long COVID in General Practice: Experiences from Our Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

Lisa Riste, Raymond Perrin, Thomas Mulholland, Mark Hann, Olivia McDonald, Adrian Heald

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lisa RisteSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Raymond PerrinThe Perrin Clinic, Prestwich, Manchester, UK.
Thomas MulhollandResearch and Innovation, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Salford, UK.
Mark HannSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Olivia McDonaldThe Perrin Clinic, Prestwich, Manchester, UK.
Adrian HealdResearch and Innovation, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, Salford, UK. adrian.heald@nca.nhs.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9537-4050

Funding

Stiftelsen för Synskadade i f.d. Malmöhus län FORME 5
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLong COVID-related fatigue affects a large number of people across the world, with increasing numbers of people experiencing long-term disability as a consequence. We tested the feasibility of a self-help version of a manual osteopathic approach initially developed for people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) to treat people with long COVID-related fatigue.

methodsOur feasibility study assessed recruitment into a 1:1 randomized controlled trial (RCT) to receive (i) self-help intervention (self-massage, mobility, flexibility, and breathing exercises, and alternating cold and warm packs to the top of the spine) or (ii) wait-list control group. Follow-up was assessed by online surveys at 3 and 6 months (indicating retention). Verbal feedback was obtained from participants.

resultsOf the 138 eligible survey participants, 126 (90.6%) agreed to participate in two RCTs, achieving the required sample size of 100. Follow-up rates of 79.3% and 59.4% were achieved at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Improvements in Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ) scores were observed in both groups between 0 and 3 months (- 4.6 and - 2.9, respectively), to a greater degree in the intervention group (p = 0.01). Feedback showed a cohort keen to engage with the intervention, although some found the intervention onerous at times.

conclusionsWe have reported the results of a feasibility study examining a potentially beneficial intervention for people with long COVID. There were indications of benefit in a patient group with often intractable symptoms. Based on this feasibility study, we believe that the low-cost self-help intervention in isolation could help support fatigue reduction in some people. This has implications for the treatment of both long COVID and ME/CFS.

trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 99840264.

Indexed as

FatigueLong COVIDLymphatic drainagePerrin techniqueSelf-help intervention

Identifiers

PMID41442105
PMCPMC12855702

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.