ArticleMuscles (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Acute Effects of Multi-Joint Eccentric Exercise on Lower-Extremity Muscle Activation Measured During Land and Water Walking.
Article in Muscles (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Falls are a leading cause of injury and loss of independence in older adults, often linked to deficits in lower-limb muscle function and gait mechanics. Eccentric exercise can improve muscular resilience, while aquatic walking offers a safe, supportive environment to retrain gait; however, little is known about how these modalities interact at the neuromuscular level. This study compared lower-limb muscle activation during gait on land and in water, before and after an acute bout of eccentric exercise, in healthy young adults. Surface electromyography was collected from the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) during treadmill walking on land and at equivalent speeds in chest-deep water. Results showed that aquatic walking consistently altered activation patterns relative to land walking, with increased TA activity (28%, Cohen's
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