ReviewToxics2025
Comprehensive Review of Microbial, Plant, Biochar, Mineral, and Nanomaterial Solutions for Lead-Contaminated Wastewater.
Review in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Screening Bioremediation for the Effective Removal of Regulated and Emerging Contaminants from Mining Wastewater.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution in wastewater is an immense problem for public health and the environment because it persists in the water bodies for a long period of time. Over the past years, many different techniques of Pb remediation have been discovered to eliminate Pb pollution. This systematic review analyzed the major findings of Pb removal from wastewater using microbial biosorption, agro-waste- and fruit peel-based adsorbents, plant-assisted phytoremediation, engineered biochars, clay and natural minerals, and nanomaterials. Each of these methods is critically reviewed in terms of removal efficiency, limitations, cost-effectiveness, how it works, how well it eliminates the problem, environmental compatibility, regeneration potential, and scalability, as supported by recent experimental and case studies. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of all the remediation methods in one framework. It also shows the potential of the integrated and hybrid systems, a combination of biological and high-technology material-based strategies, to reach high-performance Pb remediation in the long run. Therefore, the study aims to assist policymakers, environmental engineers, and researchers who are interested in finding a sustainable solution to Pb contamination by providing a comparative overview of the existing and recently developed remediation methods.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.