ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Effect of a Home Bleaching Gel Containing Chitosan and Theobromine on Tooth Surface Roughness, Microhardness, and Colour Change.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Formation and Release Enhancement of a Novel Small-Molecule Hydrogel Containing Sulindac and Meglumine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of experimental bleaching gels containing chitosan and theobromine and compare their performance in terms of tooth surface roughness, microhardness, and colour change with the bleaching gels BioWhiten ProHome and FGM Whiteness Perfect. One hundred and forty-four upper central incisors were used for microhardness, surface roughness, and colour change analyses (n = 12). Prior to bleaching, surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, microhardness was analysed using a Vickers hardness test, and colour was measured using a spectrophotometer. For Group 1, the treatment consisted of an experimental gel containing chitosan-theobromine (16% CP); for Group 2, it was an experimental gel containing chitosan-theobromine (6% HP); for Group 3, it consisted of BioWhiten ProHome (6% HP); and for Group 4, it consisted of FGM Whiteness Perfect (16% CP). Microhardness and surface roughness tests were performed under the same conditions before bleaching, after bleaching, and 14 days after the initial treatment. Colour analysis was performed before the bleaching, during the application, 24 h after bleaching, and at 7 and 14 days after treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.