ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2025
Three-Dimensional Printed Hybrid Scaffolds with Layered Polycaprolactone/Nanosized Smectic Clay Nanocomposite and Chitosan/Collagen/Demineralized Bone Powder Hydrogels Targeting Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- From Smart Hydrogel Design to 4D-Printed Scaffolds: Emerging Paradigms in Precision Drug Delivery and Regenerative Wound Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study addresses the challenges of osteochondral tissue engineering by developing a hybrid scaffold with intercalated layers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in combination with different concentrations of nanosized synthetic smectic clay (Lap) and a hydrogel of chitosan, collagen and demineralized bone powder (DBP). The scaffold design specifically targets the critical junction between subchondral bone and calcified cartilage and utilizes the mechanical strength of PCL/Lap nanocomposites and the bioactivity of the chitosan/collagen/DBP hydrogel to support tissue regeneration. The PCL/Lap nanocomposite, characterized by increased hydrophilicity, improved swelling behavior, and enhanced stiffness, provides a robust scaffold, while the hydrogel layers improve bioactivity and fluid retention. Three-dimensional printing technology was used to fabricate multi-layer scaffold, ensuring interfacial cohesion between the layers. Rheological, morphological, chemical, and mechanical characterizations confirmed the successful integration of the materials and the mechanical suitability for the subchondral environment. Biocompatibility assays demonstrated the non-hemolytic nature of the scaffolds and a favorable trend in cell viability with increasing Lap content. This study presents a novel scaffold design that effectively combines mechanical stability and biological functionality. It fulfills the complex requirements of osteochondral repair and offers a promising platform for future tissue engineering strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.