Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41440540›Full record

ReviewMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Nuclear Medicine Imaging Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: Past, Present, and Future Directions.

Anna Lisa Martini, Stelvio Sestini, Dinahlee Saturnino Guarino, Paola Feraco

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anna Lisa MartiniUnit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, 59100 Prato, Italy.
Stelvio SestiniUnit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P.-S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, 59100 Prato, Italy.
Dinahlee Saturnino GuarinoDepartment of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-3841-1825
Paola FeracoCentre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3707-018X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and widespread α-synuclein pathology. Nuclear medicine imaging offers essential in vivo tools for early diagnosis, differential assessment, and monitoring disease progression. This review summarizes key PET and SPECT radiotracers targeting dopaminergic synthesis and transport, vesicular storage, post-synaptic receptors, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation, highlighting their roles in clinical evaluation and phenotyping. Clinically, these modalities support earlier recognition of PD, distinction from atypical parkinsonian syndromes, and assessment of non-motor involvement. Future directions include the development of selective α-synuclein tracers and multimodal imaging strategies to refine prodromal detection and guide personalized therapeutic interventions.

Indexed as

BiomarkersNuclear MedicineParkinson Diseasealpha-SynucleinHumansPositron-Emission TomographyTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photonalpha-SynucleinBiomarkersneuroimagingNuclear medicineParkinson’s diseasePETradiotracers

Identifiers

PMID41440540
PMCPMC12735245

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.