ArticleClinics and practice2025
Urine Cytological Diagnostics: Possibilities and Limitations-A 25-Year Review and Overview at Hannover Medical School.
Article in Clinics and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Paired Urinary Cytology and Targeted FGFR3 S249C/R248C Mutation Detection in Urine from Patients with Bladder Cancer: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Review
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrine cytology is a highly effective, straightforward, and cost-efficient diagnostic tool for identifying neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes in the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology in detecting a wide range of urothelial lesions, including metastatic involvement. MATERIAL AND
methodsUrine cytology was performed on 9639 cases between 2000 and 2025. The samples, collected from patients, were processed at the Institute of Pathology. Cytological slides were prepared using cytocentrifugation and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou stains. The cytological findings were classified according to WHO, 2004 compared with histological specimens. Additionally, selected cases underwent immunohistochemical and molecular analyses. All samples were anonymized and retrospectively analyzed following the guidelines and regulations of the local ethics committee.
resultsOf the total cases, 7051 were classified as benign, 1269 as malignant, and 88 as normal findings. Insufficient material was obtained in 336 cases. No complications were reported during sample collection or processing. The concordance with histological findings for neoplastic lesions was over 96%, with a false-negative rate of 1.84%. The diagnostic methods demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 96.64%. Among the 6956 cases analyzed, 3139 were women (45.13%) and 3817 were men (54.87%).
conclusionsThe diagnostic value of urine cytology in representative material is relatively high in assessing both the presence or absence of malignancy and, when applicable, the tumor grade. This large 25-year single-center review demonstrates that urine cytology retains high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of urothelial malignancy, particularly high-grade disease. However, the atypical category remains a major diagnostic challenge and contributes substantially to false-positive results.
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