Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41440280›Full record

ReviewBiosensors2025

Smart Nucleic Acid Hydrogel-Based Biosensors: From Molecular Recognition and Responsive Mechanisms to Applications.

Lu Xu, Longjiao Zhu, Xiaoyu Wang, Wenqiang Zhang, Xiaoyun He, Yangzi Zhang, Wentao Xu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biosensors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Lu XuFood Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Longjiao ZhuFood Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Xiaoyu WangCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0242-8943
Wenqiang ZhangCollege of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Xiaoyun HeCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
Yangzi ZhangFood Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Wentao XuFood Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2302-8490

Funding

Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System BAIC01China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M743796China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025T180822National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFF0607900National Natural Science Foundation of China 32372437National Natural Science Foundation of China 32402223
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smart nucleic acid hydrogels (SNAHs), endowed with stimulus responsiveness, function as programmable molecular switches that can perceive diverse external stimuli and undergo rapid, reversible, and highly specific conformational or performance changes. These dynamic properties have enabled the rational design of biosensors with bionic behaviors, facilitating cascaded "recognition-decision-execution" processes that support advanced biological analysis. Consequently, SNAHs are recognized as a core breakthrough for the next generation of intelligent biosensing units. However, a systematic mapping between SNAH design strategies, specific stimuli, and application fields remains lacking. This review mainly analyzes advances in SNAH-based biosensors over the past five years, proposing flexible and feasible design strategies and key trends in customization. Firstly, we systematically summarize molecular recognition modules involved in the construction of SNAHs, including aptamers, DNAzymes, antibodies, and specific binding peptides. Subsequently, we elaborate on the responses of these modules to external stimuli, so as to further facilitate the signal transduction of signals derived from physical, chemical, and biological sources involving temperature, light, magnetic fields, pH, nucleic acids, proteins, other biomolecules, and pathogens. Additionally, the review outlines the research progress of SNAHs in environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics. Finally, we provide an integrated perspective on future opportunities and challenges, highlighting the innovative framework for designing SNAH-based biosensors and offering a practical roadmap for next-generation intelligent sensing applications.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesHydrogelsNucleic AcidsAptamers, NucleotideAptamers, NucleotideHydrogelsNucleic Acidsbiosensorsmolecular recognitionmultidimensional applicationsmart nucleic acid hydrogelsstimuli responsiveness

Identifiers

PMID41440280
PMCPMC12730707

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.