ArticleCureus2025
Variations in Renal Tract Calculus Composition Between South Asian and Non-South Asian Ethnicities in North West England.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction Ethnic variations in renal tract calculus composition remain poorly understood, despite an increasing global burden of urolithiasis. This study aimed to investigate differences in stone composition between South Asian and non-South Asian populations in North West England. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from three NHS Hospital Trusts over five years (2015-2020). Stone composition analysis of 2,131 calculi from 1,890 patients categorised the data into five groups: calcium oxalate, mixed calcium oxalate and uric acid, uric acid, calcium phosphate and mixed calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Multivariate binary logistic regression assessed the relationship between ethnicity and stone composition. Results South Asian ethnicity was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of forming mixed calcium oxalate and uric acid calculi (odds ratio {OR}, 2.903; p = 0.017) and a decreased likelihood of calcium phosphate calculi (OR, 0.461; p = 0.025) compared to other ethnicities. Ethnicity was not significantly associated with other stone types. Additionally, male sex and increased age were significant predictors of specific stone compositions. Conclusion South Asian patients demonstrated distinct patterns of renal stone composition, being more likely to form mixed calcium oxalate and uric acid calculi and less likely to develop calcium phosphate stones. These findings indicate an association between ethnicity and stone composition but do not imply causation. Further prospective studies incorporating dietary, metabolic and biochemical data are warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying these differences and their potential clinical relevance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.