Trial reportFrontiers in neurology2025
Sustained symptom reduction in complex regional pain syndrome with a novel home-based virtual reality program: a pilot study.
Trial report in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05888142 (Exploring the Role of Immersive Virtual Reality in Managing Upper-limb Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exploring the Role of Immersive Virtual Reality in Managing Upper-limb Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Adults
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pain Rehabilitation Virtual Reality (PR-VR) at Home: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth with Chronic Pain.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) often leads to limb disuse, pain catastrophizing, and depression. While physical movement of CRPS affected limbs is essential for improvement, pain discourages movement. Home-based virtual reality (VR) interventions may reduce movement-related pain, improve adherence, and promote sustained symptom reduction. Methods: In this exploratory pilot study, seven patients with CRPS completed a 4-month home-based VR program integrating three treatment modules (1) embodied cyberhands VR physical movement treatment, (2) VR-mindfulness-based-stress-reduction, and (3) VR-pain-neuroscience-education. The primary outcomes were patient-reported global impressions of change in CRPS-related pain and physical ability. Secondary outcomes included central sensitization, cold sensitivity, depression, pain catastrophizing, and upper-limb function. Results: On the primary outcome global impression of change measures, six of seven patients reported sustained improvement in CRPS-related pain and physical ability, with three reporting being "much" or "very much" improved at 4 months. Gains were maintained at 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes showed significant improvements at 4 months: central sensitization (CSI: 46.7 ± 11.97 to 38.4 ± 11.53), cold pain threshold (27.12 °C ± 3.89 to 24.56 °C ± 5.56), depression (CES-D: 23.0 ± 11.27 to 15.6 ± 8.85), pain catastrophizing (PCS: 24.3 ± 11.06 to 15.1 ± 9.67), and upper-limb function (QuickDASH: 47.7 ± 20.43 to 34.8 ± 17.47). Improvements were sustained at 1-year follow-up. No serious adverse events occurred, and study adherence was 100%. Conclusion: Results provide preliminary evidence that a home-based VR program may produce sustained improvements in CRPS-related pain, physical ability, and associated symptoms. Larger randomized controlled trials are recommended. Clinical trial registration: The study was registered on September 21, 2024, with the identifier number NCT05888142.
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Registered trials
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