ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Effects of age and arm movement condition on dynamic balance performance during virtual height exposure.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Dynamic balance performance during natural height exposure is affected by age and arm movement condition. However, it remains unclear whether these effects persist during virtual height exposure. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of age and arm movement condition during virtual height exposure. Methods: A sample of 39 children (11.0 ± 0.5 years), 40 adolescents (14.4 ± 0.6 years), and 43 young adults (23.6 ± 3.6 years) performed two balancing trials (one with free and one with restricted arm movements) in a randomized order during virtual height exposure. The time taken to complete the forward and backward traversal of the beam was recorded for analysis. In addition, perceptual outcomes (i.e., instability, task difficulty, fear of falling, and conscious balance processing), presence, and virtual reality (VR) sickness were assessed after each trial. Results: There were no significant (all Discussion: The present findings suggest that participants quickly habituated to the VR environment, which may have masked potential benefits of free arm movement during dynamic balancing. In contrast, the observed age-related effects differ from those reported in from studies using actual height elevations, highlighting the need for further research on the effects of VR on balance performance and perceptual outcomes.
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