Adapting WHO drowning prevention strategies for children in Indonesia: barriers, enablers, and policy perspectives for LMICs.

Muthia Cenderadewi, Richard C Franklin, Prima B Fathana, Susan G Devine

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Child drowning in northern Bangladesh: barriers, local initiatives, and opportunities for prevention.Frontiers in public health · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Muthia CenderadewiDiscipline of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, CMD, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.

Richard C FranklinDiscipline of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, CMD, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.

Prima B FathanaFaculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, 83127, Indonesia.

Susan G DevineDiscipline of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, CMD, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drowning is among the top five causes of child mortality in some parts of Indonesia yet remains neglected in national health policy. This study explored how World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended drowning prevention strategies can be adapted in Indonesia through seven focus group discussions with 62 parents of children under five and community leaders across coastal and inland villages in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Participants identified barriers including financial constraints, rural inaccessibility, and sociocultural norms, alongside enablers such as community support for swimming lessons, supervised childcare, and first-aid training. Findings highlight the need for affordable and culturally appropriate interventions. Policy priorities include integrating swimming lessons into school curricula, subsidising community-based swimming programs, establishing supervised childcare centres, expanding first-aid training for community members as bystanders, and strengthening cross-sector coordination.

Indexed as

DrowningHealth policyHealth promotionLow- and middle-income countriesSocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID41438243

DOI10.1016/j.lansea.2025.100697

PMCPMC12719677

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.