Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41438102›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2025

A synergistic nanoformulation of propolis and chlorhexidine against

Nivetha Marimuthu, Siriphorn Chimplee, Shanmuga Sundar Saravanabhavan, Ryan V Labana, Victor Varun Raju Sowri, Tajudeen O Jimoh, Wenn-Chyau Lee, Tadesse Hailu, Guo-Jie Brandon-Mong, Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Nivetha Marimuthu *Department of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Siriphorn Chimplee *General Education Department, School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Shanmuga Sundar SaravanabhavanDepartment of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Ryan V LabanaThe Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, National Capital Region, Philippines.
Victor Varun Raju SowriDepartment of Biotechnology, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Tajudeen O JimohDepartment of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America.
Wenn-Chyau LeeDepartment of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Tadesse HailuDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Guo-Jie Brandon-MongBiodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Patcharaporn BoonroumkaewDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Thiranut JaroonwitchawanFuturistic Science Reach Center, School of Science, and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Watcharapong MitsuwanAkkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Chooi Ling LimDivision of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rhun Yian KohDivision of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Samudi ChandramathiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Muhammad NawazDepartment of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Maria de Lourdes PereiraCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Christophe WiartInstitute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Sonia M R OliveiraCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Veeranoot NissapatornFuturistic Science Reach Center, School of Science, and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methods: We assessed the anti- Results: The formulations demonstrated excellent EE (81-92%), with the combinations of Propolis 2, Propolis 3, and chlorhexidine achieving maximum drug entrapment and sustained release (>80%). It also exhibited the most effective cysticidal activity (minimal inhibitory cystic concentration (MICC) 1.25%) against Conclusion: These results highlight that propolis-CHX-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) show promise as a targeted, biocompatible therapy against drug-resistant

Indexed as

AcanthamoebaChlorhexidineNanoparticlesPropolisAnimalsBeesChitosanChlorocebus aethiopsDrug LiberationDrug SynergismHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationVero CellsChitosanChlorhexidinePropolisAcanthamoeba sppDrug developmentNanoparticlesNatural productPropolis

Identifiers

PMID41438102
PMCPMC12721124

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.