Knowledge and attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation on women in Arab countries: An international cross-sectional survey study.

Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of individuals in Arab countries toward performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on women and to explore sex-based differences. Also, to identify potential factors that may hinder or improve CPR rates. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire specifically designed to address the study objectives. The participants were adults aged ≥18 years and residing in an Arab country. Descriptive statistics were used and sex-based differences were examined. Results: In total, 558 participants were included. The mean age was 31.7 years (Standard deviation (SD): 12.3), 63.4 % were female, and 75.8 % were healthcare workers. The mean total knowledge score for the participants was 3.9/5.0 (SD: 1.1) and there were generally positive attitudes (mean score: 4.6/5, SD: 0.52) toward providing CPR on women. Female sex of participants was independently associated with significantly higher knowledge scores (β = -0.29, Conclusion: Although attitudes toward CPR on women were favourable across sex among Arab survey participants, significant knowledge disparities remain. Sex-sensitive, culturally adapted CPR training programs and legal policy efforts would be essential to address identified barriers and improve equitable response for women in cardiac arrest to improve survival rates.