ArticleActas espanolas de psiquiatria2025
High-Frequency rTMS can Improve Depressive Symptoms by Promoting Mitochondrial Fusion.
Article in Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-Frequency Magnetic Modulation of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity: From Cellular Mechanisms to System-Level Adaptation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Editorial: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets and approaches for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological and cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDepression is a common and highly prevalent disabling mental disorder. Recent clinical data have shown that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) effectively improves depressive symptoms. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a central role in various psychiatric disorders. However, the relationship between the therapeutic mechanisms underlying rTMS and MQC remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of rTMS on depression and to investigate the relationship between rTMS and MQC.
methodsA depression model was established using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The rTMS treatment protocol was administered daily for 4 weeks at a frequency of 10 Hz (17 trains of 4 s each, with 15 s intervals), totaling 1000 pulses per day. Each session involved 10 s of stimulation followed by 50 s of rest and was divided into four groups: control, CUMS, CUMS + 10 Hz rTMS, and fluoxetine (FlX)-treated groups (six mice in each group). In this study, we used the open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST) to assess depression in mice; immunohistochemical staining to observe changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampal neurons, and glial cells; and transmission electron microscopy to detect changes in mitochondrial morphology in the hippocampus.
resultsOur findings suggest that mitochondrial pre-autophagy increased after treatment (LC3Ⅰ/II, F = 34.31, p < 0.0001; FIS1, F = 6.666, p = 0.0272), hippocampal mitochondrial fusion was enhanced after treatment (NeuN, p < 0.0001; c-Fos, p < 0.001; MFN1, p = 0.0006), and that treatment significantly improved the depression-like behavior of mice in the SPT (p = 0.0024) and FST (p = 0.0025).
conclusionThe present study demonstrates that rTMS improves depression-like behavior in mice by promoting mitochondrial fusion and enhancing autophagy.
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