ArticleParasites & vectors2025
Susceptibility of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) to Fludora FusionPM, a combination of clothianidin and deltamethrin: field and laboratory bioassays.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Knockdown effects of pyrethroid- and neonicotinoid-treated netting against the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae).Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsecticides remain a cornerstone in the control of vector-borne diseases. In Brazil, Alfatek 200SC-a pyrethroid (alphacypermethrin)-is recommended for controlling phlebotomine sand flies, the vectors of leishmaniases. For mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti, a combination of deltamethrin and clothianidin (Fludora FusionPM) is endorsed. This study evaluated the efficacy of Fludora FusionPM against phlebotomine sand flies.
methodsLaboratory bioassays were conducted using Fludora FusionPM-impregnated filter papers stored either at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) or under cold conditions (3 ± 1 °C). In field trials, painted (PS) or unpainted (US) masonry-plastered walls in selected households were treated with the insecticide. Alfatek 200SC was used as a reference, following the same procedures. Lutzomyia longipalpis females (n = 25 per replicate, in triplicate) were exposed for 60 min using the cone test. Mortality was assessed 1 h and 24 h postexposure and quarterly over 1 year. Structured questionnaires were administered to the community endemic agent (CEA) responsible for spraying and to household residents to document perceived adverse effects.
resultsIn the laboratory, the residual activity expressed by average mortality rates over 1 year of paper impregnation was of 97.6% for Fludora FusionPM) and 91.7% for Alfatek 200SC). In the field, 1-year average mortality rates were 97.3% for Fludora FusionPM and 94.6% for Alfatek 200SC for PS. On US walls, Fludora
conclusionsFludora FusionPM was highly toxic to Lu. longipalpis and outperformed Alfatek 200SC under field conditions, particularly on unpainted masonry-plastered walls. Combining insecticides with complementary modes of action may enhance rotational strategies, reduce costs and resistance risk, and optimize control of multiple vector-borne diseases simultaneously.
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