ArticleBMC public health2025
HPV vaccination hesitancy and acceptance among parents in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany: the role of gender, awareness and fear.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite national recommendations in Germany for universal HPV vaccination, uptake remains suboptimal—particularly among boys. Parental awareness, gender dynamics, and hesitancy play key roles in vaccination decisions.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 406 parents of children aged 9–14 years in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt. An anonymized online questionnaire assessed HPV-associated awareness, attitudes, willingness to vaccinate, and conditions under which hesitant parents might reconsider. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. Parent–child gender dyads were examined to explore interaction effects. Vaccine hesitancy was conceptualized along a continuum from acceptance to refusal, although for analysis we contrasted parents willing to vaccinate with those refusing vaccination.
resultsMothers were significantly more aware of HPV than fathers (86.8% vs. 68.0%; p < 0.001) and more willing to vaccinate their children (90.4% vs. 74.8%; p < 0.001). Parents of daughters expressed greater fear of HPV-associated disease than parents of sons (67.5% vs. 37.4%; p < 0.001), although willingness to vaccinate did not differ by child gender. Dyadic analysis highlighted gender-specific patterns, with father–daughter pairs reporting high perceived disease risk yet comparatively lower willingness to vaccinate. Father–son pairs showed the lowest awareness and engagement overall. Logistic regression identified three determinants of willingness to vaccinate: prior awareness of HPV (OR = 3.77; p = 0.006), fear of disease (OR = 3.69; p = 0.006), and higher education (OR = 1.60; p = 0.032). Among parents who refused HPV vaccination, 80% reported that their decision would not change under any of the proposed conditions.
conclusionsGender disparities in HPV vaccine awareness and acceptance persist. Emphasizing the role of male vaccination in reducing transmission and protecting both sexes could improve uptake. Targeted strategies should strengthen engagement of all parents, with particular efforts to involve fathers and correct gendered misperceptions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.