Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41436795›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Unveiling mechanistic patterns of copper-catalyzed radical bond formation through linear free energy relationship.

Guo-Xiong Xu, Ji-Ren Liu, Zeng Gao, Miao-Jiong Tang, Yi-Zhou Sun, Zhong-Liang Li, Xin-Yuan Liu, Shuo-Qing Zhang, Xin Hong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Guo-Xiong Xu *Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Ji-Ren Liu *Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2255-375X
Zeng Gao *Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China.
Miao-Jiong TangCenter of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-366X
Yi-Zhou SunCenter of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhong-Liang LiDongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-5701
Xin-Yuan LiuDepartment of Chemistry and Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-6465
Shuo-Qing ZhangCenter of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. angellasty@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7617-3042
Xin HongCenter of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. hxchem@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4717-2814

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22122109, 22271253 and W2512004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Copper-catalyzed radical transformations have seen extensive investigations over recent decades. Due to the complexity of controlling factors and the diversity of reaction components, accurately delineating the bond formation mechanisms-namely reductive elimination, outer-sphere radical substitution, and ion pair-type bond formation-poses a formidable challenge. This study reveals the linear free energy relationships (LFER) for the C-C bond formation of Cu-catalyzed radical transformations. Leveraging this discovery, we formulate an accurate LFER model for predicting radical bond formation mechanisms in this catalytic system. By establishing LFER scales for ligands, radicals, and nucleophiles, the bond formation mechanisms across 132,300 potential Cu-catalyzed radical transformations are revealed, offering a detailed mechanistic guide for future C-C bond designs. This research advances the mechanistic understanding of Cu-catalyzed radical transformations, providing systematic and quantitative insights into the mechanistic preference of radical bond formations.

Identifiers

PMID41436795
PMCPMC12847996

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.