Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41436741›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Sustainable engineering of fiber-reinforced geopolymer-treated low plasticity clay linking geomechanics and microstructure through support vector machines.

Mazhar Syed, Mohammed Ashfaq, Babak Jamhiri, Umair Ali, Fazal E Jalal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mazhar SyedInterdisciplinary Research Centre for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AshfaqTechnical Manager, Osaimi Geotechnic Company, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
Babak JamhiriSchool of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Umair AliInterdisciplinary Research Centre for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia. syed.naqvi@kfupm.edu.sa.
Fazal E JalalInterdisciplinary Research Centre for Construction and Building Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia. fazal.jalal@kfupm.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The variations in soft soil exhibiting low plasticity often damage lightweight structures, costing billions annually. Although well-known traditional stabilizers are efficacious, their production can have a massive environmental impact. This paper investigates the geomechanical efficiency of low-plasticity clay reinforced with chemically treated banana fiber (CTBF) and EnviroSafe geopolymers, comprising alkaline solutions and industrial waste materials. The proportions of coal gangue ash (CGA) replacement with silica fume (SF: 0-20%) were varied in the alkaline solution by maintaining a 0.4 water-to-solid ratio. A series of consolidation, compression, shear, and penetration resistance tests were performed to determine the geomechanical properties. In addition, Stereoscopic, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) tests were conducted at varying CTBF-SF mixture dosages. The study demonstrated a substantial improvement in the strength characteristics of CGA-SF in geopolymer-stabilized low-plasticity clay. The results of SF (> 10%) in CGA-based geopolymer stabilizer soil attained the lowest equilibrium void ratio over the unreinforced soil. Furthermore, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm model was proposed to predict the geomechanical strength of fiber-reinforced alkaline soil, and the results showed an excellent predictor of geomechanical strength performance.

Indexed as

Alkaline activated materialBanana fiber reinforcementLow-plasticity clayShear strength ratioSupport vector model

Identifiers

PMID41436741
PMCPMC12728213

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.