SynthesisDiabetologia2026
Effects of insulin regimens for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiometabolic outcomes of once-weekly IcoSema in adults with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of the COMBINE trials.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Therapeutic Inertia in the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Patients With a Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Followed up by Primary Care Physicians.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisInsulin therapy is essential for managing hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus when oral or non-insulin injectable agents are no longer effective. However, the comparative effectiveness and safety of different insulin regimens remain uncertain. We aimed to compare the effects of basal, basal-bolus, biphasic and prandial insulin regimens on glycaemic management, weight, severe hypoglycaemia, insulin dose and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through to September 2025. The inclusion criteria for studies were RCTs enrolling adults with type 2 diabetes that compared at least two of the specified insulin regimens over ≥12 weeks. Pairs of reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB-2 tool. Network meta-analyses were performed using a frequentist random-effects model, with basal insulin as the reference.
resultsFifty-eight RCTs involving 19,122 participants were included. Compared with basal insulin, HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationComplex insulin regimens provide modest glycaemic benefits over basal insulin but are associated with greater weight gain and a suggested higher risk of hypoglycaemia. These results are based on evidence of moderate confidence. These trade-offs support the need for individualised regimen selection, informed by clinical context, patient preferences and treatment goals.
trial registrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42020181473.
fundingThis research was supported by the Committee for the Development of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - FIPE HCPA.
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