Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41436652›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2026

Axon initial segment dynamics during associative fear learning.

Chloé Maëlle Benoit, Dan Alin Ganea, Ricardo Paricio-Montesinos, Julia Esser, Christian Thome, Jan Maximilian Janssen, Andrea Sattin, Sabrina Milena Innocenti, Sabine Krabbe, Andreas Lüthi and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Chloé Maëlle Benoit *Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-2650
Dan Alin Ganea *Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. dan.ganea4@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-8202
Ricardo Paricio-MontesinosDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-9038
Julia EsserDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-6670-8556
Christian ThomeInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-8683
Jan Maximilian JanssenInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Andrea SattinOptical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-2204
Sabrina Milena InnocentiDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Sabine KrabbeDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-469X
Andreas LüthiFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1859-4252
Tommaso FellinOptical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-7533
Maren EngelhardtInstitute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
Jan GründemannDeutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany. jan.grundemann@dzne.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-0001

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) SFB1089Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) Walter Benjamin ProgrammEC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council) AXPLAST 803870Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) 189123Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) PP00P3_170672Stiftung Synapsis - Alzheimer Forschung Schweiz AFS (Synapsis Foundation - Alzheimer Research Switzerland) 2018-CDA02, 2020-CDA04
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential generation and exhibits structural and functional plasticity upon adaptation of neuronal excitability and disease. Performing in vivo longitudinal two-photon imaging of AIS in the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice, we reveal dynamic AIS remodeling during associative fear learning and extinction. These results demonstrate that AIS plasticity is not only crucial for homeostatic adaptation but also a hallmark of memory formation.

Indexed as

Association LearningAxon Initial SegmentFearNeuronal PlasticityAction PotentialsAnimalsAxonsExtinction, PsychologicalMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicPrefrontal Cortex

Identifiers

PMID41436652
PMCPMC12971492

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.