ArticleNature human behaviour2026
Homophobia, economic precarity and the well-being of sexual and gender diverse people in a 153-country survey.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Here we explore the well-being of sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people using three socioecological dimensions of homophobia, family, community and national and their socioeconomic status via a convenience sample of 82,324 participants. Participants from the Middle East and North Africa reported the lowest subjective well-being (mean 4.78, s.d. of 2.70), followed by Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean 5.22, s.d. of 2.13). The Structural Homophobic Climate Index (β = -1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.38 to -0.99) and family-level homophobia (β = -0.84, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.81) were negatively related to LGBTQ+ well-being. Economic precarity significantly interacted with the negative association between homophobia and participants' well-being. The weight of a country's homophobic climate on well-being was nearly halved for economically secure participants compared with those economically deprived. Participants unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus status reported the lowest well-being (β = -0.20, 95% CI -0.23 to -0.16) controlling for homophobia. Public health measures should address homophobic stigma and discrimination, focusing on the lowest socioeconomic strata.
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