ArticleAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2026
Early Life Resting-State Network Functional Connectivity and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Neonatal Encephalopathy.
Article in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
background and purposeNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a risk factor for long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, and early measures of brain function may help understand which survivors are most at risk. This study investigates the relationship between resting-state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) in the first week of life and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after NE. MATERIALS AND
methodsA prospective cohort of therapeutic hypothermia-treated neonates ≥36 weeks gestational age with NE had resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) in the first week of life, and follow-up at 18 and 36 months. Subject-wise Pearson correlations between each pair of 27 seeds (seed-to-seed correlation matrix) that represent 6 RSNs of interest (Language, Somatomotor, Default Mode, Frontoparietal, Dorsal attention, Ventral Attention), and subject-wise seed-based mean z scores for each seed were generated. Spearman correlations assessed the associations between 6 intra-RSN FC strength values (averaged subject-wise z-transformed seed-to-seed correlations within each RSN) and 18- and 36-month neurodevelopmental outcomes. Based on primary analyses findings, Spearman correlations also assessed the associations between seed-based mean z scores for specific RSNs and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 36 months.
resultsOf 72 neonates, 52 (72%) had adequate quality rs-fMRI data. Based on Barkovich scoring, 3 (6%) neonates had basal ganglia, 2 (4%) had watershed, and 10 (19%) had both brain injury patterns. Of 52, 47 (90%) neonates had follow-up at 19 ± 1.7 months, and 45 (87%) at 36.8 ± 1.5 months. Correcting for multiple comparisons, intra-RSN FC strength was not correlated with 18- or 36-month outcomes. Correcting for multiple comparisons, mean z scores for the right motor, and the right and left supplementary motor area within the Somatomotor RSN were positively correlated with Bayley-III language composite score, and mean z scores for the right temporoparietal junction within the Ventral Attention RSN were positively correlated with Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Problems composite T-score at 36 months.
conclusionsRSN FC in the first week of life is correlated with 36-month neurodevelopmental outcomes after NE. Early rs-fMRI could provide meaningful clinical insight for predicting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after NE.
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