Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41432871›Full record

ArticleAIDS and behavior2026

Improving Gender and Sexuality Inclusivity of a Long-Running HIV Behavioural Surveillance Survey to Identify New Sexual Practices, HIV Risks, and Maintain Community Support: A Mixed Methods Study.

Anthony K J Smith, Christy E Newman, Benjamin R Bavinton, Curtis Chan, Timothy R Broady, James MacGibbon, Daniel Vujcich, Tina Gordon, James Gray, Martin Holt

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anthony K J SmithCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia. anthony.smith@unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-9542
Christy E NewmanCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-2822
Benjamin R BavintonThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-8278
Curtis ChanThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-1011
Timothy R BroadyCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-1868
James MacGibbonCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1359-9572
Daniel VujcichSchool of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-4444
Tina GordonNSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia.
James GrayHealth Equity Matters, Sydney, Australia.
Martin HoltCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-8274

Funding

National Health and Medical Research Council GNT2002625
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inclusive language in data collection is essential for effective and sustained engagement with marginalised populations. The historic use of imprecise conceptualisations of gender and sexuality in the field of HIV and sexual health research has been challenged in the last decade, particularly cisnormative and monosexist assumptions about identity and practice. This study reports on the process of redesigning a repeated cross-sectional survey questionnaire in Australia to improve gender and sexuality inclusivity. The Gay Community Periodic Surveys (GCPS), repeated since 1996, was redesigned in 2023 to be more inclusive of transgender men, non-binary people, and bi + participants. Changes included a title change (GBQ + Community Periodic Surveys), adoption of gender-neutral language, a shift from an exclusive focus on anal sex, enhanced questions about sex with female partners, new questions about non-binary partners, and better recognition of non-monogamous relationships. Mixed methods were employed to inform and evaluate these changes, including cognitive interviews (n = 30) with a diverse range of gay, bi+, and queer men (cis and trans) and non-binary people, and rapid field interviews (n = 39) with participants who had completed the new questionnaire. Thematic analysis showed that the changes were acceptable, but the maintenance of some cisnormative assumptions about bodies and practices were also observed. The questionnaire will continue to be adapted to recognise a broader range of practices and risks within new subgroups of gay, bi, and queer men and non-binary people, with sensitivity to community expectations about survey length and comprehensibility of terms.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsSexual and Gender MinoritiesSexual BehaviorSexual PartnersAdultAustraliaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGender-Nonconforming PersonsHomosexuality, MaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk-TakingSurveys and QuestionnairesTransgender PersonsAustraliaCognitive interviewsGay and bisexual menNon-binarySurvey designTrans and gender diverse

Identifiers

PMID41432871
PMCPMC13303650

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.