ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026
Causal relationship between tinnitus and 8 psychiatric phenotypes: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vicious cycle: the bidirectional relationship and pathophysiological mechanisms of tinnitus and sleep disturbance.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have suggested an association between tinnitus and various psychiatric phenotypes; however, the causal relationship and underlying pathways remain unclear.
methodsWe used univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the bidirectional causality between tinnitus and 8 psychiatric phenotypes. Multivariable MR was employed to control for potential confounders. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our results. Additionally, two-step MR and genetic pleiotropy analyses were performed to explore potential pathways.
resultsGenetic susceptibility to tinnitus was significantly associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.11). Multivariable MR demonstrated that the impact of tinnitus on MDD was independent of potential confounders. No causal effects were observed from the eight psychiatric phenotypes on tinnitus; likewise, no causal effects were found from tinnitus on the remaining seven psychiatric phenotypes. Two-step MR analysis revealed that hearing difficulties with background noise and insomnia mediated the effect of tinnitus on MDD, with mediation proportions of 20.0% (0.0%-40.1%) and 31.4% (0.9%-61.9%), respectively. Genetic pleiotropy analysis identified a global genetic correlation between tinnitus and MDD (r
conclusionsThis study provides genetic evidence that genetic susceptibility to tinnitus has a causal effect on the risk of MDD, partially mediated by hearing difficulties and insomnia. Our genetic pleiotropy analysis further highlights the shared genetic architecture between tinnitus and MDD.
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