Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41432542›Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2025

The Effectiveness of Frontal Plane Adaptability in a Novel Foot Prosthesis: Protocol for a Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Stephanie L Carey, M Jason Highsmith, Saifullah Farrag, Molly C Gries, Katheryn J Allyn, Andrew T Humbert, Donald J Fogelberg, James M Colvin, Matthew M Wernke, Murray E Maitland

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Stephanie L Carey *Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States, 1 813 974 5765.ORCID 0009-0009-2411-9894
M Jason Highsmith *School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2729-0365
Saifullah FarragDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, ENG 030, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States, 1 813 974 5765.ORCID 0009-0008-8085-4546
Molly C GriesDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4999-8815
Katheryn J AllynDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2531-5730
Andrew T HumbertDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3512-2780
Donald J FogelbergDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8188-4252
James M ColvinWillowWood Global, LLC, Mt. Sterling, OH, United States.ORCID 0009-0007-7638-5719
Matthew M WernkeWillowWood Global, LLC, Mt. Sterling, OH, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3348-2360
Murray E MaitlandDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2326-321X

Funding

Department of Defense Orthotics and Prosthetics Outcome Program OP220033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether a novel prosthetic foot with a polycentric ankle, which offers side-to-side adaptability, improves mobility and daily performance in individuals with (1) unilateral above-knee amputation, (2) unilateral below-knee amputation with a lower mobility level (K2) , or (3) bilateral amputation, any level of amputation. Traditional prostheses are primarily designed for forward walking and lack adaptability for navigating uneven terrain, turning, and executing other multidirectional tasks, often resulting in pain, instability, and limited function. Objective: The objective of this testing protocol is to better understand the functional impact of a novel foot design that offers more inversion/eversion rotation of the polycentric ankle. Although the foot has the potential to address mobility challenges, it is unknown whether people with different amputations and mobility levels respond differently. Methods: The study includes community-based mobility assessments, standardized questionnaires, and participant feedback. Although side-to-side adaptability prosthetic feet have shown benefits for highly active users, this study aims to evaluate the impact on individuals with more significant mobility limitations. Results: Results may guide prosthetic prescription, expand access to advanced prosthetic technology, and inform reimbursement policies, particularly benefiting veterans and service members with combat-related amputations. The study began recruiting in October 2023; as of September 2025, there were 66 participants (17 below the knee, 34 above the knee, and 15 bilateral) who completed the protocol. The clinical trial is expected to be completed by March 2027. Dissemination of results is expected to be completed by December 2027. Conclusions: This procedural study presents a model for evaluating prosthetic feet and other mobility-assistive technologies in real-world contexts, supporting broader efforts to match components to user needs through clinical trials that are grounded in both functional performance and user experience.

Indexed as

Artificial LimbsFootProsthesis DesignAdultAmputation, SurgicalAmputeesCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicWalkingclinical trialgait analysislower extremity amputationmixed methodsprosthetic foot

Identifiers

PMID41432542
PMCPMC12724065

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.