ArticleAging cell2026
Comparing Functional Consequences of Human iPSC-Microglia and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Mitigating Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Aging cell, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- The Dual Role of Glial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegeneration: Insights from iPSC-Based Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Brain Extracellular Space: From an Overlooked Dimension to Catalyst of a Novel Neuroscience Paradigm.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Article
- Modeling myeloid cell development in health and disease using induced pluripotent stem cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The APOE4-estrogen-microglia axis in perimenopausal cognitive changes: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's Disease (AD), where traditional regenerative interventions have achieved limited success. Our previous research demonstrated the neuroprotective benefits of human neural stem cell (hNSC)-derived EVs in 2- and 6-month-old AD mice (5xFAD) that exibited improved cognitive function and reduced AD-related neuropathology. This study aimed to compare the neuroprotective efficacy of EVs derived from two human cell lines: hNSCs from H9 embryonic stem cells and human iPSC-derived microglia (iMGLs). Additionally, we investigated the efficacy of an expanded EV treatment paradigm at subsequently longer time points. Three-month-old 5xFAD mice received weekly retro-orbital vein injections of either hNSC- or iMGL-derived EVs for 4 weeks. Cognitive function testing revealed comparable cognitive improvements in both EV treatment groups compared to vehicle-injected AD mice. Both iMGL- and hNSC-derived EVs significantly reduced amyloid beta plaques, astrogliosis, and microglial activation, while restoring synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 to control levels in AD brains. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly reduced neuroinflammation and elevated neuroprotective signatures following both EV treatments. MicroRNA analysis of the EV-derived cargo revealed unique and shared miRNA signatures associated with differentially expressed genes in both cell lines. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and neuroprotective benefits of recurrent systemic injections of EVs derived from human NSCs and differentiated human microglia lines in alleviating cognitive dysfunction and neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.