Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41431609›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2025

Initiatives to enhance referral patterns from primary care to specialist kidney care:a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anukul Ghimire, Vinash Kumar Hariramani, Abdullah Abdulrahman, Feng Ye, Janice Y Kung, Somkanya Tungsanga, Alan Grill, Alexander Singer, Ayub Akbari, Branko Braam and 19 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Anukul GhimireMedicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-4920
Vinash Kumar HariramaniMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Abdullah AbdulrahmanMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Feng YeMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Janice Y KungJohn W. Scott Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Somkanya TungsangaMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Alan GrillUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Alexander SingerUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Ayub AkbariOttawa Hospital Research Institute Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Branko BraamMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
David CollisterMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Elena QirjaziMedicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Kailash JindalMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Mark CourtneyMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Matthew CooperMedicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Matthew JamesMedicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Marcello TonelliMedicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Nikhil ShahMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Paul E RonksleyDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Sabin ShurrawMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
K Scott BrimbleMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Scott KlarenbachMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Sophia ChouMedicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Soroush ShojaiMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Vinay DevedMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Andrew WongFamily Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Deenaz ZaidiMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Ikechi OkpechiMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-9715
Aminu K BelloMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To highlight data on interventions aimed at enhancing referral patterns from primary care to nephrology. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria: Studies reporting interventions aimed at decreasing referral volume, reducing wait times and/or increasing guideline-concordant referrals in adult patients with chronic kidney disease from primary care to specialist kidney care, from inception to 15 April 2024. Data extraction and synthesis: Studies were subcategorised based on taxonomy of initiatives, type of intervention and single versus multi-faceted interventions. Our primary outcomes were changes to referral volume, wait times and proportion of guideline-concordant referrals. Data were pooled using a random effects model and a meta-analysis was conducted using pooled mean difference (MD) and OR. Results: 20 studies used single and 13 used more than one intervention. Overall, interventions resulted in an increase in total referrals (MD: 19 referrals per month, 95% CI 7 to 30; I Conclusion: Organisational changes decreased wait times. Overall, interventions increased referral volume and decreased guideline-concordant referrals. The data have implications for designing programmes to improve primary care-nephrology interface in kidney disease management.

Indexed as

EpidemiologyPublic HealthSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID41431609
PMCPMC12718585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.