ReviewAnnals of medicine2026
Optimizing immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: recent advances and future directions.
Review in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neoadjuvant combined immunotherapy with intratumoral TransCon TLR7/8 Agonist and systemic TransCon IL-2 β/y or pembrolizumab in patients with locally advanced oral cancer-a monocentric experience.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Trial
- A Case Series on the Combined Use of Zinc L-Carnosine and Nd:YAG Photobiomodulation for Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis: Pain Reduction and Lesion Improvement.Case reports in dentistry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy globally. Despite advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the recurrence rate in advanced-stage HNSCC remains high, with a 5-year overall survival rate of only 35-45%. The significant infiltration of immune cells in HNSCC makes it a prime candidate for immunotherapy. However, response rates for single-agent immunotherapy are below 20%-30%, indicating that many patients do not benefit from monotherapy-based checkpoint blockade treatments.
objectiveThis review aims to explore combined immunotherapy strategies to address the limitations of monotherapy in the treatment of HNSCC.
methodsWe evaluate various combined immunotherapy approaches, including the use of multiple immune checkpoint inhibitors, and their integration with traditional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. The mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects and the safety profiles of these combination therapies are discussed.
conclusionThe integration of immunotherapy with traditional treatment modalities represents a significant advancement in the management of HNSCC. Future research should prioritize the identification of patient populations that are most likely to respond to these combined therapies, as well as the optimization of treatment protocols to enhance clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
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