ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2026
IL-36 mediates immune activation in Sjögren's disease and may represent a novel biomarker of disease.
Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- IL-36γ enhanced bactericidal effects of macrophages to Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the IFN-γ/HIF-1ɑ/glycolysis pathway.Respiratory research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disease. The underlying disease mechanisms remain poorly understood, and there are no curative therapies. MyD88-mediated signaling is essential for SjD, although the pathways that rely on MyD88 are not well characterized. Our objective was to determine if MyD88-dependent IL-1 cytokines mediate inflammation in SjD. Using a SjD mouse model and patient samples, RNA sequencing was performed on salivary tissue and peripheral B cells. Splenocytes from SjD mice were stimulated with IL-36 cytokines and B cell activation was assessed. Finally, ELISAs were employed to measure IL-36 in SjD patient sera. Our data revealed that IL-1 family-associated genes were dysregulated in SjD salivary tissue. Salivary B cells showed upregulation of genes associated with MyD88 and IL-36 activation and peripheral B cells from SjD mice had dysregulated IL-1 signaling networks. Moreover, B cells from SjD mice showed enhanced activation when stimulated with IL-36 cytokines, and splenocytes derived from SjD mice exhibited elevated cytokine secretion. Finally, high levels of IL-36α and IL-36γ were present in SjD patient sera and IL-36α levels discriminated SjD patients from non-SjD control subjects. Therefore, IL-36 contributes to disease, and drugs targeting IL-1 cytokines, particularly IL-36, may represent novel therapeutic targets for SjD.
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