SynthesisScientific reports2025
Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant with budesonide in infants born at or less than 28 weeks' gestation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is the standard treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Budesonide, a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties, has been studied for use with PS to potentially improve respiratory outcomes and reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk while minimizing systemic steroid exposure. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of PS with budesonide versus PS alone in infants born ≤ 28 weeks' gestational age (GA). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to October 21, 2025. Inclusion was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining PS with budesonide efficacy in extremely preterm populations. Risk ratios (RRs) or mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models, and the quality of evidence was assessed with GRADE methodology. The primary outcomes were the incidence and severity of BPD; secondary outcomes included other respiratory measures, pre-discharge mortality, hospital stay duration, and complications related to prematurity. Compared to PS alone, PS with budesonide did not significantly reduce BPD incidence (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.08; p = 0.51; I
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