Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41430168›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

Infant emergency department visits, readmission, and mortality by maternal anxiety disorder during pregnancy occurring with and without other mental health conditions: a retrospective cohort study.

Rebecca J Baer, Scott P Oltman, Deborah Adeyemi, Ribka Amsalu, Kacie C A Blackman, Bridgette Blebu, Kimberly Coleman-Phox, Jennifer N Felder, Dawn Gano, Audrey Lyndon and 10 more

Abstract read
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Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Rebecca J BaerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0828, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. rjbaer@health.ucsd.edu.
Scott P OltmanThe California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Deborah AdeyemiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ribka AmsaluDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kacie C A BlackmanThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Bridgette BlebuThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kimberly Coleman-PhoxDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jennifer N FelderThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Dawn GanoDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Audrey LyndonRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Safyer McKenzie-SampsonThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Carolyn PontingThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Larry RandDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Elizabeth E RogersThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelli K RyckmanThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Martina A SteurerDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Akila SubramaniamThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelly D TaylorThe California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Karen M TabbThe International Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone (HOPE) Research Consortium, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Laura Jelliffe-PawlowskiThe California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile a link between maternal anxiety diagnoses and adverse maternal and infant outcomes has been reported, there is a paucity of data regarding infant outcomes through the first year of life in those born to individuals with anxiety only and anxiety comorbid with other mental health conditions.

methodThe sample included 5,836,541 singleton liveborn infants in California from 2007–2020. Anxiety with and without depression or a non-depression mental health condition during pregnancy were identified from ICD codes from hospital discharge records. Adverse infant outcomes evaluated included emergency department (ED) visit, readmission, or death in the first year of life. Log-linear regression was used to calculate the crude (cRR) and adjusted (aRR) relative risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each outcome by mental health condition grouping. To fully consider the potential influence of co-variants, we examined four different adjusted risk calculations. Patterns of comorbidity and infant outcomes were also examined within payer for birth (as an indicator of income) and racial/ethnic groupings.

resultsInfants of birthing people diagnosed with anxiety alone or anxiety and depression had reduced ED visits (cRRs 0.93 and 0.85, respectively) and readmissions (cRRs 0.85 and 0.83) but an increased risk of death (cRRs 1.40 and 1.75) compared to those without any mental health condition. Infants of people with diagnoses of anxiety and other non-depression conditions during pregnancy faced higher risks across all metrics (ED visits and readmissions cRRs 1.14–1.20, death cRRs 2.07–3.81). Observed were often tempered in fully adjusted models.

conclusionsMaternal anxiety diagnosis during pregnancy was associated with an elevated risk of infant death and was exacerbated by the presence of another mental health condition. These relationships were not explained by the presence of other related risks. These findings underscore the need for interventions for birthing people with anxiety, and particularly for those with comorbid mental health conditions.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersEmergency Service, HospitalInfant MortalityPatient ReadmissionPregnancy ComplicationsAdultCaliforniaComorbidityEmergency Room VisitsFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPregnancyRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultAdverse outcomeAnxietyDepressionEmergency departmentInfantInfant deathMental health disorderReadmission

Identifiers

PMID41430168
PMCPMC12837128

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.