ArticleNature communications2025
A binary self-amplifying expression platform enabling lipid nanoparticle-free vaccines and nanomedicines.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Dynamics-Guided Sterol Engineering of mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles Reprograms Biodistribution and Enhances Spleen-Selective Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Protein-Encoding Chemically Modified mRNAs for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration and Repair.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional mRNA vaccines played a crucial role in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic but remain hampered by inherent instability, transient expression, limited payload capacity, and complex manufacturing, including their reliance on lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulation. To address these challenges, this study describes the Gemini platform, an expression system with a bifunctional eukaryotic-prokaryotic promoter that can be deployed as either a self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) or as a self-amplifying DNA (saDNA) replicon, enabling robust amplification and expression of genetic cargo. Gemini eliminates the requirement for LNPs, exhibits enhanced stability during freeze-thaw cycles and lyophilization, and is compatible with ambient-temperature storage, thereby simplifying production and distribution. It maintains a strong safety profile, supports larger and more complex payloads than conventional mRNA vaccines, and induces prolonged protein expression, as demonstrated by a potent single-dose SARS-CoV-2 Gemini-based vaccine. With rapid, scalable manufacturing and flexibility across saRNA and saDNA formats, Gemini represents a versatile next-generation platform with potential for broad applications in molecular medicine and pandemic preparedness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.