Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41428896›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Repeated major inland retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers (West Antarctica) during the Pliocene.

Keiji Horikawa, Masao Iwai, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Christine S Siddoway, Anna Ruth Halberstadt, Ellen A Cowan, Michelle L Penkrot, Karsten Gohl, Julia S Wellner, Yoshihiro Asahara and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Repeated major inland retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers (West Antarctica) during the Pliocene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Keiji HorikawaFaculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0337-0413
Masao IwaiMarine Core Research Institute, Kochi University, Nangoku 783-8502, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7489-1262
Claus-Dieter HillenbrandBritish Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0240-7317
Christine S SiddowayGeology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903.ORCID 0000-0003-0478-6138
Anna Ruth HalberstadtDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.ORCID 0000-0003-2582-7074
Ellen A CowanDepartment of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608.ORCID 0000-0001-6512-5769
Michelle L PenkrotGulf Coast Repository, Scientific Ocean Drilling, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845.
Karsten GohlDepartment of Geosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven 27568, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9558-2116
Julia S WellnerDepartment of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004.ORCID 0000-0002-6807-8635
Yoshihiro AsaharaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-7417-6592
Ki-Cheol ShinResearch Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2107-4773
Masahiro NodaGraduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
Miyu FujimotoGraduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
Expedition 379 Science Party

Funding

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP21H03590MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP21H04924MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP23K21746MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP25H01181MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP25K03252NSF (NSF) 1917176NSF (NSF) 1939146UKRI | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/T010975/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), crucial for predicting future sea-level rise, is threatened by ocean-forced melting in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. While some geological records and ice-sheet models suggest WAIS retreat during past warm periods, reliable data constraining the extent of retreat are lacking. Detrital Nd, Sr, and Pb isotope data of sediments recently drilled at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1532 on the Amundsen Sea continental rise manifest repeated alternations in sediment provenance during glacial-interglacial cycles of the Pliocene (5.33 to 2.58 Mya), a time warmer than present. The variations reflect large fluctuations in WAIS extent on the Antarctic continent. A unique high Pb/low ε

Indexed as

Amundsen Seaglacial historyIODP Expedition 379PlioceneWest Antarctic Ice Sheet

Identifiers

PMID41428896
PMCPMC12773727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.