ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Global vaccination coverage and disease incidence in cattle, pigs, and poultry.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- FAO veterinary vaccine registration: enhancing access to safe and high-quality livestock vaccines for disease control programs and during emergency in countries.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Gestational timing and vaccine platform shape maternally derived neutralizing immunity and vaccine RNA detection in piglets following maternal vaccination with C-strain or FlagT4G against classical swine fever.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Global vaccination coverage and disease incidence in cattle, pigs, and poultry.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination against livestock diseases is an effective method to prevent and control the spread of pathogens and reduce antimicrobial consumption and livestock production losses. Systematic data on global vaccination coverage could unlock opportunities to expand these outcomes. In this study, we estimate annual vaccination coverage and disease incidence for 104 cattle, porcine, and poultry diseases in 203 reporting countries and territories between 2005 and 2025 using data from the World Animal Health Information System, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and published literature. We provide 686,559 data points and further evaluate 11 diseases most widely targeted by vaccination programs in 2025. The vaccination coverage for global populations at risk of these diseases in 2025 is as follows: for cattle, 16.64% (95% CI: 16.63 to 16.66) against foot and mouth disease, 33.80% (33.43 to 34.38) against lumpy skin disease, 7.46% (6.71 to 8.81) against
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.