Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41427992›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2026

Transcranial alternating current stimulation improves ballistic motor performance in trained and untrained limbs of healthy older adults.

Nishadi N Gamage, Wei-Yeh Liao, Philip J Atherton, Mathew Piasecki, George M Opie, John G Semmler

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nishadi N GamageNeurophysiology of Human Movement Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
Wei-Yeh LiaoNeurophysiology of Human Movement Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
Philip J AthertonCentre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Mathew PiaseckiCentre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
George M OpieNeurophysiology of Human Movement Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
John G SemmlerNeurophysiology of Human Movement Group, Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia. john.semmler@adelaide.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0003-0260-8047

Funding

Australian Research Council DE230100022Australian Research Council DP200101009
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) using a combined theta-gamma waveform can improve unilateral ballistic motor performance in the trained limb of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of individual (theta) and combined (theta-gamma) tACS waveforms on ballistic motor performance in the trained and untrained contralateral limb (i.e. cross-limb transfer) of older adults. Sixty right-handed healthy older adults (68.9 ± 5.2 years) received either high-definition theta-gamma (6 Hz theta, 75 Hz gamma), theta (6 Hz), or sham tACS over right primary motor cortex (M1) during ballistic left-thumb abduction training for 20 min. Behavioural changes were quantified as changes in trained (left) and untrained (right) thumb acceleration. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess changes in left and right M1 excitability, via motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and paired-pulse short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). While training drove greater motor performance in both hands (all P < 0.001), theta tACS was associated with the largest improvements (P < 0.02, compared with theta-gamma and sham tACS) and was the only condition that demonstrated a post-training potentiation of MEP amplitude (P < 0.02). However, a positive relationship between performance improvement of trained and untrained hands was limited to the theta-gamma tACS condition (R

Indexed as

Motor CortexTranscranial Direct Current StimulationAgedEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotor SkillsTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAgeingBrain stimulationMotor cortexMotor rehabilitationTMS

Identifiers

PMID41427992
PMCPMC12972486

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.