ArticleJournal of the American Dental Association (1939)2026
Characterizing pain and psychosocial profiles in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional case-control study.
Article in Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temporomandibular disorders-related symptoms and associated comorbidities in children and adolescents: A BigMouth data repository cross-sectional study.Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular disorders in children and adolescents: an underexplored condition in need of developmentally informed diagnostic guidance.Pain management · 2026Review
- Orthodontists' Perceived Knowledge, Confidence, and Clinical Practices in Pediatric Temporomandibular Disorders.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in pain and psychosocial burden in adolescent temporomandibular disorders.Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice · 2026Article
- Contribution of proprioceptors in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and their surrounding astrocytes to acidic saline-induced chronic jaw muscle pain in rodents.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) often emerge during adolescence and are associated with substantial pain burden and psychosocial distress, yet few researchers have comprehensively characterized these profiles in youth.
methodsAdolescents (aged 10-19 years) were screened for TMDs using the validated 3 screening questions for TMDs questionnaire and categorized into TMD or non-TMD control groups. All participants (50/group) completed validated questionnaires assessing pain characteristics (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), symptom burden and headache (Symptom Questionnaire), and psychosocial functioning (Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale). Groups were compared using t tests and χ
resultsAdolescents with self-reported TMD symptomatology reported significantly greater pain intensity (P < .001), pain-related interference (P < .001), symptom burden (P < .001), headache frequency (P < .001), anxiety (P = .002), and depression (P < .001) than control participants. Through cluster analysis the following 3 subgroups were identified: headache cluster (high profiles), intermediate cluster (high symptom burden and pain-related interference), and no headache cluster (low profiles). Among those with TMDs, co-occurring headache (56%) was associated with significantly worse outcomes across all domains (all, P ≤ .017). No significant interaction was observed between TMDs and headache on the basis of a multiple analysis of variance (P = .054).
conclusionsAdolescents with self-reported TMD symptomatology experienced elevated pain and psychological symptoms, with distinct symptom-based subtypes. Headache co-occurrence worsened symptoms severity. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Incorporating psychosocial screening and headache assessment into routine care for adolescents with TMDs may improve early identification of those at greater risk of developing pain-related disability and facilitate timely, targeted intervention.
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