ArticleACS omega2025
Effect of Squalane as a Carrier in O/W Nanoemulsions for Dermal Delivery of Vitamin E.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, is widely used in cosmetics to combat skin aging, but its lipophilic nature poses challenges for dermal delivery. Squalane, a biocompatible carrier, may enhance the stability and skin permeation of vitamin E in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions. O/W nanoemulsions containing vitamin E were formulated using high shear homogenization with varying coconut oil-to-squalane ratios (0:3, 1:2, 2:1, 3:0). Physicochemical properties (particle size, polydispersity index, ζ-potential, pH, conductivity) were characterized. In vitro release kinetics were assessed via dialysis, quantified by HPLC, and skin permeation was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells with porcine ear skin. Nanoemulsions exhibited hydrodynamic diameters of 107.67 ± 7.57 to 134.38 ± 3.15 nm, polydispersity indices of 0.21-0.24, and ζ-potentials of -37.4 ± 0.80 to -45.3 ± 0.90 mV, indicating high stability (
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Registered trials
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