ReviewCureus2025
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Translational Potential.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evolving Landscape of Regenerative Therapies: Cell-Based and Cell-Free Approaches for Chronic Low Back Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a primary contributor to chronic low back pain and disability, yet current treatment strategies remain largely palliative, with limited regenerative potential. Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising class of bio-nanocarriers, offering low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and precise therapeutic cargo delivery. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in EV engineering approaches, including cargo loading techniques, surface functionalization, and integration with stimuli-responsive biomaterials, and delineates their mechanistic roles in modulating inflammation, cellular senescence, and extracellular matrix remodeling in the degenerated disc microenvironment. Furthermore, we structure the discussion around a "carrier-mechanism-application" axis, providing a conceptual and technical framework to guide the development of EV-based regenerative therapies. Finally, we address current translational challenges and propose future directions to bridge the gap between bench and bedside in the context of IVDD treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.