ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Toripalimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a health economic evaluation in China.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum (EP)-based chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) from a Chinese healthcare system perspective, and to explore the impact of factors such as biomarker stratification, drug wastage, and drug donation on cost-effectiveness. Methods: A partitioned survival model was conducted to simulate the disease progression in ES-SCLC patients. Model parameters were derived from the EXTENTORCH clinical trial, public databases, and published literature. Key outcomes included total cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and incremental net monetary benefit (INMB). Drug wastage was quantified based on body surface area, and patients were stratified according to biomarkers. Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted to assess model stability. Results: Over a 10-year simulation period, the total cost of toripalimab plus EP was $28,551.37, with a QALYs of 0.75; the total cost of EP was $24,678.81, with a QALYs of 0.55. The ICER was $20,034.74/QALY, below China willingness-to-pay threshold of 2-3 times GDP. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the stability of the conclusions and indicated that when the WTP is set at 2 times the GDP, toripalimab has an 89% probability of being cost-effective. The A11+/B62- genotype and the intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) low population achieve better efficacy and a lower ICER compared to the overall population. While drug wastage increases the treatment cost, it does not alter the conclusions. Conclusion: Compared to EP alone, toripalimab plus EP is cost-effective as first-line treatment in Chinese ES-SCLC patients, particularly when considering genetic stratification and donation policies. The study results provide important reference for China medical insurance policy-making and clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.