ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of pneumococcal disease among children and adolescents aged <20 years from 1990 to 2021: a predictive analysis.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Burden of 46 key pathogens among children in G20 countries, 2023: A systematic analysis and regional comparison.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Regulation of PBP2x Surface Localization byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic surveillance of post-immunization pneumococcal carriage in Ghana.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Last mile at the center of immunization delivery.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Pneumococcal infections remain a leading cause of preventable deaths among children and adolescents aged <20 years. Despite a global decrease in burden, significant regional and socioeconomic disparities, as well as long-term trends, are not fully understood. Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) to evaluate mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to pneumococcal infections among those aged 0-19 years across global, regional, and 204 national settings from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Spearman correlation examined associations with the sociodemographic index (SDI). Decomposition analysis quantified the contributions of demographic and epidemiological drivers. Health inequality was assessed via the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CI). A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model projected future burden to 2036. Results: In 2021, pneumococcal infections caused 179,354 deaths (95% Conclusion: Over the past 30 years, the global burden of pneumococcal disease among children and adolescents has significantly declined. However, high burdens persist in low-SDI regions and among children under 5, with increasing relative inequalities. Strengthening vaccination coverage, healthcare systems, and interventions for high-risk populations is essential to further reduce the global burden.
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