ArticleZooKeys2025
The early evolution of caddisflies: Milne and Milne revisited.
Article in ZooKeys, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
In 1939, Margery and Lorus Milne published a creative figure that illustrated the evolutionary history of caddisflies. Here, we pay tribute to that paper by generating a new figure in the style of the original, updated with our most recent knowledge of caddisfly evolution, informed by phylogenomic inference and a statistical treatment of ancestral states. Our analysis infers that the ancestral larval caddisfly was a free-living detritivore, living in flowing water. It spun a cocoon prior to pupation within a dome-shaped pupal shelter. In subsequent lineages, caddisflies evolved a variety of larval construction behaviors, which enabled unprecedented ecological diversification, allowing them to become one of the most diverse lineages of freshwater animals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.