Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41426295›Full record

ArticlePragmatic and observational research2025

Derivation and Definitions of Clinical Study Variables for Multiple Long Term Conditions in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Methods and Consensus Study on Behalf of the International Cardiovascular and Respiratory Alliance.

Tobin Joseph, Mohit Bhutani, Amy Couper, Rachel Pullen, Ramesh Nadarajah, Luis Alves, Maria Felicia Montero-Arias, Riyad Al-Lehebi, David D Berg, Nathaniel M Hawkins and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pragmatic and observational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Tobin JosephLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9283-9895
Mohit BhutaniDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Amy CouperObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3892-3113
Rachel PullenObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-4644-9845
Ramesh NadarajahLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Luis AlvesEPI Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5855-2754
Maria Felicia Montero-AriasDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital México, San José, 10107, Costa Rica.ORCID 0000-0003-2909-6619
Riyad Al-LehebiDepartment of Pulmonology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3232-6668
David D BergDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nathaniel M HawkinsCentre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1286-2014
John R HurstUCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7246-6040
Christine R JenkinsHead Respiratory Group, The George Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2717-5647
Alan KaplanObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-8795-5528
Janwillem W H KocksObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-2760-0693
Konstantinos KostikasObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0774-3942
Carolyn S P LamNational Heart Centre Singapore in Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L), Singapore.
Therese S LapperreTranslational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5176-0101
Chin Kook RheeDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-4533-7937
Naveed SattarSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Daiana StolzClinic of Respiratory Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Gary TseSchool of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0001-5510-1253
Tonya WindersGlobal Allergy & Airways Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria.
David PriceObservational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
Chris P GaleLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4732-382X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Standardized variables and their definitions are essential for robust delivery and reporting of clinical studies and quality improvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This protocol describes the rationale and methodology for the derivation and definition of clinical study variables for patients with multimorbidity or at high risk of multimorbidity in COPD. Methods and Analysis: We will follow a four-step process. This will include the formation of an Executive Committee, a Steering Committee and an International Consensus Group. We will conduct a systematic review of the literature from which potential clinical study variables will be extracted and their definitions proposed. Using a modified Delphi process, the Steering Committee will select candidate clinical study variables and as necessary refine their definitions. All three groups will then vote and give feedback on the candidate clinical study variables in a modified Delphi process (with rounds until consensus is achieved) to reach a final suite of internationally agreed hierarchically classified clinical study variables. Ethics and Dissemination: It is anticipated that the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented in a variety of forums. Ethical approval was not required for this study.

Indexed as

COPDdata standardsmultimorbidityoutcomesquality improvementrandomized clinical trialregistry

Identifiers

PMID41426295
PMCPMC12712702

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.