ArticleCurrent directions in psychological science2025
A Framework for Automation in Psychotherapy.
Article in Current directions in psychological science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Large Language Models as a New Tool for Therapists in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Blinded Clinician Rating Pilot Experiment.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Automating Motivational Interviewing Coding in Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Human-AI Agreement Study.JMIR AI · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Psychotherapy is a conversational intervention that has relied on humans to manage its implementation. Improvements in conversational artificial intelligence (AI) have accompanied speculation on how technologies might automate components of psychotherapy, most often the replacement of human therapists. However, there is a spectrum of opportunities for human collaboration with autonomous systems in psychotherapy, including evaluation, documentation, training, and assistance. Clarity about what is being automated is necessary to understand the affordances and limitations of specific technologies. As a guidepost for empirical and ethical inquiry, we present a framework for categories of autonomous systems in psychotherapy. Categories include scripted or rule-based conversations, collaborative systems where humans are evaluated by, supervise, or are assisted by AI, and agents that generate interventions. These categories highlight considerations for key stakeholders as psychotherapy moves from unmediated human-to-human conversation to various forms of automation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.