ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2025
Avian influenza overview September-November 2025.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk assessment of avian influenza A(H5N5) virus from the first human case using the ferret model.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into the High Arctic: Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 2022-2025.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Development of multiplex real-time RT‒PCR assays for the simultaneous detection and lineage differentiation of H9 avian influenza viruses.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants Analysis of PB1 and PB2 Genes in H5N1 Avian Influenza Strains from Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Avian influenza overview December 2025-February 2026.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Converging infectious disease threats in the post-COVID era: surveillance fragility, pandemic risk, and global preparedness.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Global dynamics of avian influenza: a twenty-year analysis of highly pathogenic viruses linking the Caspian Basin, Eurasia and Africa sectors (2005-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Emergence and Genetic Characteristics of H5N1, H5N6, and H5N3 Clade 2.3.4.4b High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in South Korea During the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 Winter Seasons.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1e lineage transition in Lao PDR during 2023-2024 associated with regional spread and human infection risk-associated receptor-binding features.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Avian influenza overview September-November 2025.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Between 6 September and 28 November 2025, 2896 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (442) and wild (2454) birds in 29 countries in Europe. The magnitude and geographical extent of these detections were unprecedented for this time of the year, particularly in wild birds. Large numbers of waterfowl were affected by the disease, and mass mortality of common cranes was observed along their migratory routes in Europe. Given the high levels of virus circulation in wild birds and the resulting high environmental contamination, most HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds were primary, with indirect contact with wild birds being the most likely source of infection. Among poultry species, turkeys were proportionally the most affected, and HPAI outbreaks were once again reported in vaccinated ducks. A slight increase in HPAI virus detections in mammals was noted among foxes and domestic cats in Europe, consistent with the increase in detections in wild birds. Between 9 September and 28 November 2025, 19 cases of avian influenza virus infection in humans, including two deaths, were reported in four countries: Cambodia (three A(H5N1) cases, one death), China (14 A(H9N2) cases), Mexico (one A(H5N2) case), and United States of America (USA) (one fatal A(H5N5) case). All of the A(H5) human cases (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.