ArticleClinical interventions in aging2025
Global Poorer Olfaction, Frailty and Postoperative Adverse Outcomes: Exploring Their Interplay in a Prospective Cohort of Older Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery.
Article in Clinical interventions in aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction has emerged as a marker of neurodegeneration and frailty in older adults, yet its value for perioperative risk stratification remains underexplored. This prospective study aimed to assess the interplay between three olfactory modalities (Threshold, Discrimination, Identification: TDI), baseline frailty, and postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing surgery. Patients and Methods: We enrolled adults aged 65 years or older scheduled for elective aortic/lower limb vascular or orthopedic procedures under general anesthesia. The day before surgery, patients underwent olfactory testing using the Sniffin' Sticks extended test (yielding a composite TDI score), and frailty evaluation with the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and Clinical Frailty Scale. Postoperative moderate/severe complications or death occurring within one year were recorded. Statistical analyses included univariable and multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and surgical parameters. Results: From 362 screened patients, a final cohort of 209 patients (160 orthopedic, 49 vascular) was included after accounting for ineligibility, 42 refusals, and 6 data access exclusions. Lower olfactory performance (TDI score ≤ the 25 Conclusion: Global poorer olfaction is closely associated with frailty and may serve as a robust indicator of adverse postoperative outcomes in older adults, beyond conventional frailty scales.
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